Where, F is the resulting force, measured in newtons, I is the current, measured in amperes, d is the distance between electrodes, measured in metres, and k " " is the ion mobility coefficient of the dielectric fluid, measured in m 2 / ( V�s ).
2.
Equation ( 18 ) shows that for all positions \ overrightarrow { r } the time averaged velocity is in the direction toward the origin ( concentrating the particles towards the origin ), with speed proportional to the mobility coefficient k, the strength of the rotating field E and the strength of the perturbing quadrupole field dE _ q.